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The "vibecession" in 9 charts

Key takeaways

  • The vibecession refers to the striking disconnect between overall measures of economic growth and how people feel about the economy.
  • That's due largely to stubbornly rising prices and continued high interest rates.
  • As investors, however, it's important to remember that historically stocks have followed economic growth and jobs, which currently are still strong.

You may have heard that we're in a "vibecession." If you haven't heard the term, you still may be feeling it in your own life. 

But what is a vibecession?

It's the striking disconnect between the state of the US economy, which currently is still strong, and the way people feel about it, which is meh at best.

A recent Harris poll conducted for the Guardian1 found that about half of Americans think the US is in recession, that unemployment is at a 50-year high, and that the S&P 500 is down so far this year. None of these things is true.

So what's the real deal with the economy?

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Why the economy looks strong

The headline on the economy is that it is still strong but has softened enough to perhaps allow the Federal Reserve to lower its benchmark interest rate later this year.

The job market: After showing remarkable strength and resilience since the pandemic, the job market has started to cool off significantly. The unemployment rate has risen to 4.1% from 3.6% in June 2023, and the number of job openings continues to trend downward.

Charts show the state of the job market: Unemployment remains near 4%; the economy is still adding jobs, though not as many as in 2021 and 2022; and the number of job openings has fallen from a recent peak of about 12 million in 2022 to 8.1 million most recently.

Inflation: The overall inflation rate has cooled significantly, but not quite to the level the Fed wants to see. What's more, the core inflation rate, which strips out food and energy costs, has stayed stubbornly high, remaining above the Fed's 2% target. That tells economists there may still be underlying inflationary pressure beyond the volatile food and energy sectors.

Chart shows the trend of overall inflation and “core” inflation, which excludes the costs of food and energy. Both have declined since peaking in 2022. In June, both measures stood at 2.6%

Economic growth: The economy lost a lot of momentum late last year, in part because consumers started tightening their belts after 2 years of inflation and post-pandemic revenge spending. But it didn't last. The latest report on gross domestic product showed the economy's growth rate doubled in the second quarter, propelled once again by continued consumer spending. Suddenly, murmurs of a potential recession have cooled.

Chart shows year-over-year GDP growth, showing the economy grew at an annual rate of 1.4% during the first quarter of 2024. This is slower growth than during the latter half of 2023.

Why the economy feels weak

If you're not an economist, those things may not even cross your radar. But pocketbook issues sure do. By most measures, those issues are still putting the squeeze on consumers.

The price of food: While the rate of inflation for food has come way down, that doesn't mean the cost of food is decreasing. It's just rising a lot more slowly. Food prices have risen more than 25% since January 2020. So if your family was spending $200 a week on groceries before the pandemic hit, today you could be spending $250 a week—more than $2,700 a year to squeeze into your budget. It's a constant, nagging reminder of inflation.

One chart shows that food price inflation has fallen from a peak of 11.4% in August 2022 to a more modest rate of 2.2% in June 2024. A second chart shows that $100 worth of groceries in January 2020 would cost $126.20 today, adjusting for inflation.

The cost of borrowing: Whether you're trying to buy a house or a car or pay for home improvements, it costs much more to borrow now than it used to. While many consumers locked in low rates before the cost of borrowing started to rise, doing anything new is getting more expensive on 2 fronts—prices and financing.

Chart shows the prime lending rate, which is the basis for many consumer lending rates, and the average 30-year-fixed mortgage rate. The prime rate climbed steadily during 2022 and 2023, before leveling out at 8.5%. The 30-year mortgage rate has fluctuated between 6% and 8% for the past 2 years, most recently at 6.95%.

Buying a home: Those high interest rates, coupled with climbing home prices, have made buying a home much harder than it has been in recent decades.

To be considered affordable, the cost of owning a home should be no more than 30% of income. By one measure, that share of income has risen to 43.9% from a low of 27.5% in 2020.

Chart shows the housing affordability index has fallen from a peak of 110 in 2020 to 69.4 in April 2024. An index of 100 is considered affordable.

The stock market

The same survey that showed many Americans believe we're in a recession also showed that nearly half believe the S&P 500 is down for the year, when in fact it is up more than 14% so far in 2024.

More than 60% of Americans own stock, according to Gallup polling, though many of them are investing through retirement accounts, so the growth they have seen isn't helping defray the cost of living today. This may help explain why, as the market keeps hitting new highs, consumers have greeted the news with a shrug.

Chart shows the performance of the S&P 500 since the beginning of 2020. It has gained more than 65% since then, including about 14% in 2024 through July 26. A small chart shows the percentages of Americans who have retirement accounts by age. In older age groups, the percentage is more than 50%.

Keep up with the latest

So that's where we stand now—for real, as well as how it feels.

If you're making investment decisions, however, it's important to focus on the big picture. Historically, stocks have followed economic growth, and so far the real economy continues to grow.

For more on what to expect during the next few months, check out Fidelity's economic outlook for the third quarter of 2024, and keep up with all the latest market insights from Fidelity Viewpoints.

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More to explore

1. "Majority of Americans wrongly believe US is in recession–and most blame Biden," The Guardian, May 22, 2024.

This information is intended to be educational and is not tailored to the investment needs of any specific investor.

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